Should state legislatures be removed from the redistricting process Essay

Should state legislatures be removed from the redistricting process for congress and their own seats and would doing so improve - Essay Example In the US, redistricting is fundamentally political because legislators are responsible to draw electoral districts in many states. Courts have been intervening in the process to a great extent. These aspects of redistricting are inter-related and have made the process highly controversial because the outcomes are mostly prejudiced in favoring one political party over another. Redistricting matters a lot because people’s representatives in the state and federal governments frame regulations, which impact several issues such as taxes, security, prices and the environment in which people live. This paper will examine whether state legislatures should be removed from the redistricting process for Congress and whether doing so will improve the public policy process. Main Body Elections are held at regular intervals in ensuring that people’s representatives work towards welfare activities. All state legislators and many legislators in the Congress represent districts that pa rtition states and voters into geographical regions. In majority districts, voters are eventually represented by legislators that win the maximum votes. The manner in which voters are assembled into districts has a strong bearing on the people that will represent them and the kind of policies they will follow. For instance, a district comprising mainly of farmers will, in all probability elect a legislator who will work towards their cause. But a district that comprises of mainly urban citizens would in all probability elect a person who has different concerns. In similar vein, regions characterized with groups of similar language, ethnicity, race and political lineage will probably elect a person with similar characteristics. Therefore, the manner in which the districts are created can impact the constitution of the legislature. It is thus apparent that there would be different legislators if the districts are drawn in different ways. The process of redistricting mostly draws a lot of attention and controversies are created because the process determines the communities that will be represented and the laws that will be made (Griffith, 2011). Redistricting is resorted to in the United States in reacting to change in populations that are determined by the outcomes of the census. The state legislature is vested with the authority to create redistricting plans that are in some cases subject to the governor’s approval. Every state in the US has its own law and constitutional requirements to redistrict. There are some aspects of the law concerning the federal government that have been introduced following decisions by the US Supreme Court. The Congress established the Voting Rights Act in 1965 that was amended in 1982. The Congress also exerts some control in the context of putting restrictions on the creation of electoral boundaries during the redistricting process. The courts in the US have played a major role in developing and interpreting redistricting laws. Essentially, a redistricting plan should create districts that have a balanced population and should not reduce the say of minority voters. In order to improve upon the public policy process, the redistricting plan should give credence to conventional redistricting issues such as contiguity, density and respect towards political subdivisions and communities (Canon, 1999). According to Halper and Simon (2011), removing state

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE - Assignment Example This paper discusses the strengths and the weakness of the evidence-based method. This paper also discusses the future and current state of clinical guidelines and the limitations of the guidelines as well. Evidence-based medicine is about solving clinical problems, it does this through a process of bringing together the best evidence of clinical experience and patient values. Clinical efficacy is a critical assessment of anything you do which is aimed at making a change in practice as a result of having a positive outcome. The main purpose is to improve patient and care experience. Clinical effectiveness measures outcomes on an individual patient level. Clinical effectiveness studies help healthcare professionals to understand how to design treatments based on patient variation rather than cost. Clinical effectiveness is about the right people, doing the right thing, the right way, in the right place, at the right time with the right result (Graham 1996). In the context of my practice as a  podiatrist, the right person would primarily be well-trained and a member of the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), with knowledge of the new advances in podiatry, such as local anaesthesia, nail surgery, diabetic feet and gait analysis. All the above specialities need extended training such as Continuing Professional Development. Clinical effectiveness doing the right thing is aimed at making clinical practice more accurately based on the use of investigations that have been proven to be effective relative to the specific patient needs (Graham 1996). To do things in the right way it is necessary to have a well-trained and competent work-force that has clear responsibilities and works together in this new era of podiatry to deliver the best value healthcare possible. The right result refers to the maximization of health effects,

Argue the case for and against Globalisation Essay Example for Free

Argue the case for and against Globalisation Essay This essay will concentrate on the factors of Globalisation and the effects it has on the world. Globalisation can be defined as something which has become spread across the globe. This includes all manner of objects such as people, money, technology and even ideas. The concept of globalisation has been going on for many centuries but it is only in recent years that it has become a major issue. The Roman Empire was a global society as the Romans ruled much of the known world. They used colonialism as an economic process in order to globalise themselves. From these colonised areas they obtained goods and raw materials which they could ship across the world. This still happens to this day and people also migrate causing multicultural countries. Cultural forms start to cross and become global forms. An example of this is sport. Many countries will play the same sport and even compete against each other. This was shown in the recent Commonwealth Games in Manchester. Cultures can be spread even through art and fiction. Novels and stories representing different peoples lives and experiences are read throughout the world spreading these cultures. In the process of Globalisation it is Decolonisation that takes place. In the past century many countries have gained independence. We now live in a new world order. Arjun Appadurai explains about Globalisation in the article Modernity at Large which is found on the website listed in the Bibliography. Appadurai has studied globalisation and has named a number of global flows. He describes the different ways in which Globalisation takes place. Ethnoscapes is the flow of people going around the world, for example tourism. It can also be seen when people migrate and is evident in modern society with refugees and asylum seekers. Trans-national class people are business and homogenous people who determine things like fashion and music. One of the most global items is money. Appadurai defines this as Financescapes. People send money across the world for their relatives and to pay for goods they have bought from a different country. There are many different ways for money to be transferred around the world, some are legitimate but there are also illegal ways such as drugs, arms and porn industries. These industries send vast amounts of money all over the world. The other big industry is that of Technology Technoscapes. In todays electronic age it is easier than ever for information to be moved from one place to another. The Internet, computers, mobile phones and other such electronic devices all provide consumers with the easiest form of the transferral of technology. Commodities around the world are becoming global. Products like Coca-cola, McDonalds, Microsoft and Nokia are now all recognised around the world. It is estimated that in 1990 the one hundred biggest transnational corporations produced 50% of the worlds output. So it is clear that globalisation is more than ever present in the modern world. All the above factors contribute to the increasing global nature of our society. However, what does all of it really mean? Does the fact that Globalisation is increasing result in the world getting better or worse? In order to answer these questions we must examine the benefits and disadvantages of living in a global culture. As mentioned before, one beneficial aspect of Globalisation is that of technology. Technological advances have resulted in the improved lives for millions of people around the world. This improvement was not restricted to just individuals but to communities, groups and even to the extent of countries at large. It cannot be denied that Globalisation has benefited businesses and companies in respect to technology and their target audience. However, some would argue that this mass technological advancement could lead to a lack in privacy. With the Internet in thousands of homes and with almost any kind of information available on it, some people feel that their privacy is invaded. Is Big Brother really looking at us at every opportunity? An obvious advantage of globalisation is that it brings together many different countries. The best example is probably the United Nations or the UN. This is a collection of some of the worlds most powerful countries and they have come together to become, arguably, the most powerful force on the planet. They are, however, a peaceful organisation who tries to uphold international laws. Perhaps one of the first steps to Globalisation was to name the different continents. This automatically places countries into groups and they can all be referred to by one name, for example Europe or Africa. Does this mean that everything is going to be the same? If the different countries are becoming recognised as one large continent then does it result in these countries being the same themselves? There isnt this much of lack of diversity. Globalisation may be more than ever present but every country has its own history, culture and way of living. This creates and upholds diversity in all countries. The immigration and emigration of people causes cultures and communities to spread all over the world which is another way of diversity being created. There are two main theories of the world. The first says that the world is becoming more American where as the second suggests that the world is becoming more diverse. The world being similar is known as homogeneity and the contrasting view of diversity is referred to as heterogeneity. So to conclude, it is clear that the world is becoming more and more globalised, especially in recent years. Globalisation is a man made feature of our world and it is unlikely that it will stop or even slow down in the foreseeable future. It does have a number of advantages and disadvantages, some of which highlighted in this essay. Globalisation may lead to a compression of the world and an intensification of consequences of the world as a whole but the benefits must surely outweigh the bad points as otherwise it would not have existed as long as it has. One thing this essay has concluded from researching the issue of Globalisation is that the world is so big and yet so small at the same time. We now live in a global village Marshall McLuhan. Bibliography R. Robertson, 1992 Globalisation N. Abercrombie A. Warde Contemporary British Society D. Cooper Power in struggle

Reverse phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for measuring hydrolysis of ester Essay Example for Free

Reverse phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography for measuring hydrolysis of ester Essay Reverse-Phase High performance chromatography consists of any method of chromatography that utilizes a non-polar phase. In the early part of 1970s, non-modofied alumina or silica which has a greater attraction for polar elements and hydrophilic surface chemistry was used for majority of the liquid chromatography. Because of this, this method was said to be normal†. The elution order was however reversed with the introduction of a covalently bonded alkyl chain which reinforces the surface. In this method, the first to be eluted are the polar compounds while there is retention of the non-polar compounds hence the procedure is termed reversed phase Method validation It’s important to validate all various HPLC methods. Evaluation of suitability may not be necessary when methods from pharmacopoeia’s are utilizes given that the analyses are carried out with respect to the technique’s intended use. However, in situation where drug composition is being modified, a reevaluation of suitability of the HPLC method to its new intended use is necessary (Nagels etal, 2002). The variables tested in the validation process as stated by FDA, ICH and USP as well as other health bodies include: Accuracy, linearity, limit of quantitation, limit of detection specificity relativity, reproducibility precision which includes repeatability, intermediate precision as well as ruggedness/reproducibility (Amersham, 1999). Role of rp-HPLC method for the measuring hydrolysis of ester Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography can be used in separation quantitation of free fatty acids as well as its methyl esters obtained from tissue phosphopids of mineral. In this method, mixtures of water acetonitrile are utilized for elution of esters. For free acids to separate, aqueous phosphoric acid substitute for water. Quantification detection of unsaturated compounds are done by absorption at 192nm . After methyl esters have been prefractionated based on its unsaturation by argentation TLC, there is total rapid separation by elution with CH3CN. Reverse phase HPLC can both be applied as preparative analytic method as well as in biochemical separation and purification. Precision In rp-HPLC, precision is assessed by injection of several standards followed by measurement of the variability of the results. Three subcategories are obtained from the measured standard deviation . To assess repeatability, the operator executes the analysis in a laboratory over a short period of time. Then, the relative standard deviation is calculated from 5 or 6 determinates of two dissimilar matrices at 1 or 2 different concentrations. The ICH describes intermediate precision as long term variability this is estimated by comparison of several results of a single laboratory over several weeks. Variations of results gotten by different instruments, different batches of column and from operators with materials from dissimilar supplies are reflected in intermediate precision (Amersham, 1999) It is important to validate intermediate precision in rp-HPLC so that verification of same results being produced by same method in same laboratory following the phase of development could be possible. Reproducibility otherwise called ruggedness is simply inter-laboratory precision . It’s aim is to ensure that different laboratories will have same results using the method. Variables that affect the reproducibility of rp-HPLC include the varying operator experience, varying ages of equipment, differential supplies of columns, variation in humidity room temperature, different characteristics of equipment such as the delay capacity of HPLC system (Lebendiker, 2006). Accuracy is the degree in which test outcomes are proximate to the true value. This is obtained from outcome of quantitative assessment of a known sample. Whatever is measured is then compared to the known amount. Selectivity specificity These are usually interchanged . Selectivity of analytical method like rp-HPLC refers to its capability despite the presence of interference, to still be able to measure accurately (Guzzetta, 2010). Such interference includes enantiomers, degradation products and excipients. When selectivity of a method is verified, it becomes â€Å"Stability Indicating Method†. Limit of detection This refers to the least amount or concentration of analyte in a chromatographic sample that may not be quantifiable but is detectable. In rp-HPLC, the limit of detection is that amount which after injected gives a maximum height of 2 to 3 times as raised as the reference noise level. Limit of quantitation refers to the least amount injected that results in precise measurement. In rp-HPLC, maximum heights of about ten to twenty times greater than reference noise are usually required at precision of less than 10-15% RSD between intervals of results. Linearity With injection of three to five series of four or more standards with spanning concentration of 80-120% expected range, the linearity of a rp-HPLC analytical method can be determined (Amersham, 1999). Whether directly or by calculation, it is expected that the response should be in proportion to the analytes’ concentration. The intercept of linear regression formula applied to these results should not substantially differ from zero. An intercept of significant non-zero should be followed by validation that there is no impact on method accuracy (Alveldano etal, 2010). Principle This operates of the separation of substances based on hydrophobic binding between the stationary/immobile hydrophobic ligand (called the stationary phase) and the solute in the mobile phase (Amersham, 1999). The binding interaction is presumed to be due to favorable entropy effect. The original mobile phase conditions in rp-HPLC are aqueous implying a highly organized water structure around stationary ligand solute molecule . The available area exposed to solvent becomes diminished with binding of solute to the stationary hydrophobic ligand. With this, there is decrease in organization of water structure increase system entropy (Amersham, 1999). In summary, rp-HPLC is based on â€Å"adsorption of hydrophobic molecules onto a hydrophobic solid support in a polar mobile phase†. Reverse phase HPLC has also been utilized in most analytical methods.

The Use Of Ict In The Airline Industry Tourism Essay

The Use Of Ict In The Airline Industry Tourism Essay Abstract This essay throws light on the use of ICT in the airline industry and what impacts developments in ICT have made on the said industry. The essay highlights the role of ICTs in enhancing airlines capability to interact with customers, reducing the operational costs, increasing the convenience for making reservations, managing air traffic, administering the crew and airport staff, improving the passengers in-flight experience, maximizing airlines revenue by variable fares, improving security standards, promoting partnerships and alliances among airlines, integrating value added services. It has been argued that automation increases efficiency but human factor is yet very important in personifying the customer experience. Introduction to the Airline Industry An airline provides air transport services for passengers and/or freight. Commercial operations of airlines date back to early 1900s, however, evidence of increase in operations is found after World War I. Over the years, airline as an industry has grown tremendously. It has facilitated economic growth, world trade, foreign investment, tourism and has played a significant role in globalization of industries. Full-service airlines have a high level of fixed and operating costs in order to establish and maintain air services: labor, fuel, airplanes, engines, spares and parts, IT services and networks, airport equipment, airport handling services, sales distribution, catering, training,  aviation insurance etc. Keeping in view such high costs and complex nature of operations, it is essential for airline companies to take advantage of ICTs to carry out operations smoothly and optimize expenses. Use of ICT in the Airline Industry Technology is dramatically and profoundly changing the nature of services. Technology is also profoundly changing how services are delivered, and it is enabling both customers and employees to get and provide better, more efficient, customized services. These changes have significant implications for managing service operations as well as for predicting and managing consumer behavior. Impact of Developments of ICT on Operations of Airline Industry In the text below, major operations of the airline and airports have been discussed. It has been analyzed that how the developments in the ICT have impacted the processes of the said industry. The developments in the ICT have significantly influenced the way Airlines interact with customer, develop loyalty programmes and implement customer retention strategies. Few developments to enhance the passengers in-flight experience have also been made. Interaction with Customers The proliferation of internet and World Wide Web has made it enormously convenient for the organizations to interact with their customers. Internet has provided a very economical way of interacting with customers, has reduced distribution costs, and has increased the profit margin by direct selling. Internet has also served as a purveyor of information about travel. Carriers everywhere have embraced online ticket sales as a means of reducing distribution costs. Travelers now have the opportunity and convenience to compare price and service offerings of all airlines quickly and efficiently, and to act on those comparisons instantly with only a few keystrokes. McIvor et al. (2003), present analysis of four airline companies and their use of internet to provide innovative interaction and transactional mechanisms with customers. They state that internet has increased the expectations of customers for the services and service delivery. In fact, the internet has become essential to the strategic development of the airline companies. They further argue that the scope and boundaries of the airline industry have become less clear as a result of the adoption of internet technologies at the customer interface. The offering of a range of products and services is creating industry convergence. Exploitation of the internet at the customer interface has become a key catalyst in the transformation of the airline industry. In the past, airlines have been selling their product (i.e. an airline seat) through travel agents. The travel agents competitive position was based on exploiting the information insufficiency at the customer end. However, nowadays, the website of the Airline makes customer autonomous to decide on the fares, routes and various services associated. The internet enables airlines to build a direct and superior relationship with customers. In this era, the airlines site support complete automation of the booking process and limits the need for human intervention. Airlines are extensively investing and utilizing the Internet to further undermine the travel agents which has also resulted in improved process efficiency. Furthermore, removal of the travel agent layer has reduced transaction costs and has enhanced the relationship with customer through the provision of more detailed and up-to-date information. Customer Retention and Airline Loyalty Programmes The cost of developing a new customer is several times higher than the cost of keeping an existing customer. With the increasingly fierce market competition, companies would like to retain their existing customers as much as possible. Fan (2007), state that competition has changed gradually from price of products and services to grasping customers. Only those companies that can more precisely understand customers demands, more quickly respond to the changing needs and can improve customer satisfaction and loyalty can win the competition. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has become particularly important in this age. Data mining technology, as the founding base of CRM, can help the airlines to effectively capture valuable information about passengers from extensive information available in their databases, which is essential for making strategic marketing decisions. McIvor (2003), state that through sophisticated Information Systems available now, it has become possible to automatically inform staff about customer preferences such as aisle seats or in-flight entertainment. Previously, such information may have been collected but not used to enhance the needs of their most profitable customers. CRM and Data Mining allow companies to target groups effectively, and allocate marketing resources to best effect. As is shown in 80/20 rule, 80% of sales of a company come from 20% of its clients, it is essential to conduct customer segmentation and find those 20% of high-value customers. Zhang and Chen (2009), state that in order to better ensure continued profitability it is necessary to keep customer satisfied. Through a lot of accumulation of data on passenger satisfaction surveys, using data mining technology such as principal component analysis, factor analysis to identify the main influencing factors of passenger satisfaction, as well as the relative importance of various factors can help airlines make improvements, enhance the overall customer service levels and the competitiveness of companies. McIvor et al. (2003), further state that Airline loyalty programmes have been the major means of keeping customers to a particular airline. Airline loyalty programmes provide significant value to customers. Airlines are now associating their Loyalty Programmes with the complementary products and services such as car rentals and hotel accommodations. In fact, the airlines are attempting to create a one-stop shopping experience for the customer with all the required travel products and services available on-line. With the provision of these complementary services, airlines have enhanced value of the core service. It is, therefore, very important to take full advantage of the data mining and other modern information technology to identify the valuable information about the customers buying pattern and choices and address them in timely fashion to provide more personalized service which will ultimately improve passenger satisfaction and loyalty. Operations and Business Intelligence Negash and Gray (2008), discuss the case of Continental Airlines. They state it as the seventh largest airline in the world with 2300 daily flights to over 200 destinations. An airline, as big as this, and requiring decisions about each take-off and landing, each passengers fare, ground operations, detecting fraud, security and customer relations, need for a ICT based intelligent business model was indispensable. In 1998 they implemented a real-time data warehouse and began their climb to being a top airline. For example, they integrated customer information, finance, flight information, seat inventory, and security to improve revenue. The warehouse data also allowed them to spot travel agent fraud. They moved forward from there to real-time applications. For example, they began using optimization techniques to design fares based on current demand; they gave their gate agents and flight attendants details on customer experiences on previous flight segments and flights; if a connecting flight was late, they used dashboard displays so their high-value customers would be helped in making connections for themselves and for their baggage. To make all this work, Continental built an 8 terabyte real-time data warehouse (called an operational data store or ODS) that coordinated 25 internal and two external operational systems. These systems include both Web and desktop BI. In-flight Entertainment The advancement in technology has enabled Airlines to enhance the passengers travelling experience. Back in early 1920s, Aeromarine Airways pioneered in the digital entertainment of passengers by showing a movie during the flight. Since then, digital technologies have evolved from single shared screen to individual screens offering variety of infotainment stuff such as movies, games, news, flight information, weather information etc. Furthermore, as reported by Nelson (2010), in-flight WiFi internet access was made available to passenger in 2008 by American Airlines after the test in 2005. The capability of providing internet facility during the flight has phenomenal impacts and lets the passenger stay in touch with the world even on the go. Security Future As discussed in essay, opportunity for in-flight WiFi access still exists. Few major airlines, like American Airlines, have already provided this facility on certain airlines. Provision of the internet and staying in touch during the longer hours travel will have considerable implications and will be great source of providing competitive edge. Furthermore, reported by HotHardware, BlueBox Avionics is aiming to integrate iPad into their next in-flight entertainment solution. Whether or not they integrate the iPad to the back of the passengers seat, distributing the iPad among the passengers during a long flight will certainly enhance the passengers experience. iPad certainly provides a much richer entertainment as compared to currently installed display screens. Conclusion The evidence presented in this article has illustrated how the Internet represents a powerful technology for commerce and communication between customers and airline companies. The Internet clearly enables the customer to move from being a passive participant to that of being proactive and more sophisticated in their relationship with airlines.

Effectiveness of Scenario Based Simulation Training Essay -- Nursing

Introduction/Problem Statement Across the nation many nursing programs are facing clinical site shortages for their students. The hardest hit population is the license vocational nursing (LVN) students. Many hospitals are trending toward achieving â€Å"Magnet Status† for their institutions. Therefore, LVN students are no longer allowed to complete their clinical training in several hospitals. This action forces many nursing programs to seek alternative methods of clinical instruction. In years past simulation training was used as an aid to facilitate learning. Today, for many nursing programs scenario based simulation is the only option for learning patient care. Which brings about the question as to just how effective is simulation training? According to Kneebone, Nestel, Vincent, & Darzer (2007), â€Å"To be effective, however, such simulation must be realistic, patient-focused, structured, and grounded in an authentic clinical context. The author finds the challenge comes not only from technical difficulty but, also from the need for interpersonal skills and professionalism within clinical encounters† (p. 808). Most mannequins do not have vocal ability or the ability to move, and therefore cannot provide the proper a spontaneous environment for learning. Therefore, acquiring critical thinking skills can be somewhat challenging, in this type of simulated setting. Criteria for evaluating simulations According to (Kneebone at el. 2007 p.812) the following items are criteria for simulation Simulations should allow for sustained, deliberate practice within a safe environment, ensuring that recently acquired skills are consolidated within a defined curriculum which assures regular reinforcement. .. ...006). Effect of practice on standardised learning outcomes. Medical Education, 40(8), Retrieved from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=12&hid=106&sid=265b8200-d816-4fa5-aa4f-f99400f42b76%40sessionmgr104 doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2929.2006.02528.x National League of Nursing, NLN. (2006, May-June). Designing and implementing models. Retrieved from http://www.nln.org/research/LaerdalReport.pdf Smith, S., & Roehrs, C. (2009). High fidelity simulation: factors correlated with nursing student satisfaction and self confidence. Nursing Education Perspectives, 30(2), p.p. 74-78 Simpson, R. (2002, September 1). The Virtual reality revolution: Nursing Management , 33(9), Retrieved from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=34&hid=112&sid=8d3b1644-95ad-471b-a8c3-5c0c325fa183%40sessionmgr104

Essay on Yeatsian and Western Influences on Chinua Achebes Things Fall

Yeatsian and Western Influences on Things Fall Apart      Ã‚   The Igbo culture is flexible and continuous; its laws are made by men and are not solid and permanent. Change is implicit in oral culture. Igbos have been able to retain their core beliefs and behavior systems for 5000 years because of the flexibility and adaptability of their culture. Yeats says things collapse from within before they are overwhelmed by things from without- Umuofia's collapse is its loss of faith, and that is also its strength, it's refusal to fight. But this self-destruction, this bending of societal codes is what keeps the culture from being annihilated. One fundamental question that occurs while trying to figure out how Yeats fits into an understanding of this book is whether or not things really do fall apart. From Okonkwo's point of view they certainly do, but Okonkwo's is not the only point of view in the book. Do things fall apart for the rest of the Umuofia tribes, and for the Ibo people, or does their center still hold, and it is just a center that they never shared with Okonkwo? It is important to look at the construction of the novel and the way it ties in with Yeatsian theory on the rise and fall of civilizations, and on personal tragedy.    The Yeatsian vision of Western history is of a world of "alternating civilizations, each giving way to one another through its inability to contain all human impulses within the enclosed scheme of value and being replaced by all that is overlooked and undervalued"(Wright 80). A fundamental principle of Yeats' vision is that things must "collapse from within before they are overwhelmed from without" (Wright 79). The falcon must lose the connection with the falconer before the center begins to l... ...escapeÉHe wiped his machete on the ground and went away" (205). An enduring aspect of the center of the Igbo people is the ability of that center to change and adapt. In an unchanging time, OkonkwoÕs inflexible will guaranteed his success as a clansman of the Igbo, a culture remarkable for its flexibility, but when the culture had to change to prosper, Okonkwo lost his center, and became a truly tragic figure.    Works Cited Kartennar, Neil ten. "How the Center is Made to Hold in Things Fall Apart." English Studies in Canada. Downsview, Ont. University of Toronto Press. 1975 Simola, Raisa. "World Views in Chinua AchebeÕs Works." Frankfurt am Main: New York. 1995. Wright, Derek. "Things Standing Together: A Retrospective on Things Fall Apart." Heinemann. Oxford; 1990. Chinua Achebe: A Celebration. Ed. Holst, Peterson. Rutherford.